Acoustic expression of emotional states
| Emotion | Expression |
|
Sorrow |
Slow, languid melody; sighing; caressing of single words with exquisite tonal material; prevailing dissonant harmony
|
|
Happiness |
Fast movement; animated and triumphant melody; warm tone colour; more consonant harmony
|
| Contentment |
A more steady and tranquil melody than happiness
|
| Repentance |
The elements of sorrow, except that a turbulent, lamenting melody is used
|
| Hopeful |
A proud and exultant melody
|
| Fear |
Tumbling downward progression, mainly in the lower register
|
| Laughter |
Drawn out; languid tones
|
| Fickleness |
Alternating expressions of fear and hope
|
| Timidity |
Similar to fear, but often intensified by an expression of impatience
|
| Love |
Consonant harmony; soft, flattering melody in broad movements
|
| Hate |
Rough harmony and melody
|
| Envy |
Growling and annoying tones
|
| Compassion |
Soft, smooth, lamenting melody; slow movement; repeated figures in the bass
|
| Jealousy |
Introduced by a soft, wavering tone; then an intense, scolding tone; finally an moving and sighing tone; alternating slow and quick movements
|
| Wrath |
Expression of hate combined with running notes; frequent sudden changes in the bass; sharp violent movements; shrieking dissonances
|
| Modesty |
Wavering, hesitating melody; short, quick stops
|
| Daring |
Defiant, rushing melody |
| Innocence |
A pastoral style
|
| Impatience |
Rapidly changing, annoying modulations
|
Related effects: Internal logic
Related induced effect: Anempathetic sound; Semantic sound; Sound reference; Sound object
Opposite effect: Empathetic sound
(Sonnenschein, 2001)